过去完成时

[例题]

1.Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister.

（尽管他以前常弄哭他的小妹妹，今天却被小妹妹弄哭了。）

2.We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.

（当这位老人来到我家时，我们刚刚用过早餐。）

3.Until then, his family hadn't heard from him for six months.

（到那时，他们家已经六个月没有收到他的来信了。）

[解析]过去完成时表示在过去某一动作发生之前，另一个动作已完成，即“过去的过去”。常用的信号词有by，before等介词和用until，when，after，once，as soon as，by the end of等词引导的表示到过去某一时间为止的时间状语来表示。

[例题]

4.Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.

（他刚到，她就开始抱怨。）

5.No sooner had he finished his performance than the audiences began to cheer.

（他刚表演完观众就喝彩。）

[解析]过去完成时常用在"no sooner...than",和"hardly...when(before)"等句型的主句中，从句常用一般过去时。

[例题]

6.Yhere was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.

（有人敲门，那是那天晚上打扰我的第二个。）

7.I found that my cheating in yesterday's English test had been reported to my parents that very evening.

（我发现关于我昨天英语中作弊之事，在当天晚上就通知我父母了。）

[解析]过去完成时常用于宾语从句和定语从句中。

[例题]

8.I had hoped to seek your advice, but you happened to be away.

（我本来希望向你请教，但碰巧你不在。）

9.I had intended to make a cake, but I ran out of time.

（我原来打算做块蛋糕，但没有时间了。）

[解析]动词hope，intend，mean，plan等使用过去完成时只表示未能实现的希望、愿望等。如接宾语从句，从句往往用would+动词原形的形式。